Cauchy,
building on the work on Lagrange functions, began a rigorous analysis and began
the study of the theory of functions of a complex variable. This work would be
continued by Weierstrass and Riemann.
ALGERAIC GEOMETRY
"One
of the first calculators was invented by Pascal in 1642. The sum was done by
turning the wheels with a stylus, but other operations were really difficult.
"Charles
Babbage, in nineteenth-century England, designed a machine capable of
performing mathematical operations automatically by following a list of
instructions (program) written on cards or tapes. Babbage's imagination
surpassed the technology of his time, and it was not until the invention of the
relay, the vacuum valve and then the transistor when large-scale programmable
computation became reality. This advance has given a great impetus to certain
branches of mathematics, such as numerical analysis and finite mathematics, and
has generated new areas of mathematical research such as the study of
algorithms. It has become a powerful tool in fields as diverse as number
theory, differential equations, and abstract algebra. In addition, the computer
has been able to find the solution to several mathematical problems that had
not been solved previously, such as the topological problem of the four colors
proposed in the mid-nineteenth century. The theorem states that four colors are
sufficient to draw any map, with the condition that two bordering countries
must have different colors. This theorem was demonstrated in 1976 using a
computer with high computational capacity at the University of Illinois (United
States).
"The
Museum of Science of London built in 1991, the first complete Difference Engine
in honor of the birth of Charles Babbage. It has about 4000 pieces and weighs
more than 2.5 tons. The device as Babbage conceived it would be an automated
computer with printer output and powered by a steam engine. "Recreation of
the Colossus decoding computer at Bletchley Park (1997). It is the first
programmable electronic computer in the world. He helped cryptographers
discover the keys to German Lorenz during World War II. Also mathematics today
is taught and learned more easily through tics.
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